The Letter "G" in Chemistry

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• Galvanizing - A process in which steel is coated in zinc to prevent corrosion.
  
  
• Gamma Ray - A photon that has the smallest wavelengths and the most energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
  
  
• Gauche - When two substituents on adjacent carbon atoms are placed 60 degrees to one another.
  
  
• Gauche Conformer - A staggered conformer in which the largest substituents groups on adjacent carbons are gauche to one another.
  
  
• Gauche Interaction - The interaction that occurs between two atoms/groups that are positioned gauche to each other.
  
  
• gem - diol - A compound that contains two OH groups on the same carbon atom.
  
  
• Geminal Dihalide - A compound in which two halogens are positioned on the same carbon atom.
  
  
• Gene - A given segment of DNA that contains the code for a specific protein.
  
  
• General - Acid Catalysis - Catalysis in which a proton is transferred to the reactant during the rate determining step (slow step) of the reaction.
  
  
• General - Base Catalysis - Catalysis in which a proton is removed from the reactant during the rate determining step) slow step of the reaction.
  
  
• Gene Therapy - A technique that inserts a synthetic gene into the DNA of an organism that is defective in that gene.
  
  
• Geometric Isomers - A category of stereoisomers in which substituents can assume different positions around a rigid ring or bond. Differences in properties for the compound arise depending on the substituent placement. The cis/trans and E/Z nomenclature are used to specify the particular isomer.
  
  
• Gilman Reagent - An organocuprate often used to replace a halogen with an alkyl group. This reagent is made through reaction of an organolithium with cuprous iodide.
  
  
• Gluconeogenesis - The synthesis of D-glucose from pyruvate.
  
  
• Glycol - A compound that contains at least two OH groups.
  
  
• Glycolysis - A sequence of reactions that produces two molecules of pyruvate from D-glucose.
  
  
• Glycoprotein - A protein that is covalently bonded to a polysaccharide.
  
  
• Glycoside - The acetal of a sugar.
  
  
• Glycosidic Bond - The bond between the anomeric carbon and the alcohol in a glycoside. Water is eliminated when the C-O-C bond is formed.
  
  
• alpha - 1,4 - glycosidic linkage - The link between the C-1 oxygen of one sugar and the C-4 of another sugar with the oxygen atom of the glycosidic linkage in the axial position.
  
  
• beta - 1,4 - glycosidic linkage - The link between the C-1 oxygen of one sugar and the C-4 of another sugar with the oxygen atom of the glycosidic linkage in the equatorial position.
  
  
• Graft Copolymer - Branched polymers in which the branches have a different chemical structure to that of the main chain. In the most basic form, they consist of a main homopolymer backbone with branches of a different homopolymer.
  
  
• Graham's Law - The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.
  
  
• Grignard Reagent - An organomagnesium compound formed when magnesium is inserted between the carbon and halogen in an alkyl halide.
  
  
• Ground - State Electron Configuration - A description for the lowest energy placement of electrons in the orbitals of electrons in an atom or molecule.